Common law legal English and grammar : a contextual approach / Alison Riley and Patricia Sours.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 484-488) and index.

pt. I English in Legal Contexts in Common Law and International Perspectives
ch. 1 Language and Law
English Legal Contexts, Texts and Terminology
1.1.Introduction to English in Legal Contexts in International and National Perspectives
1.2.The Vocabulary of the Law
1.2.1.Introduction to Terminology and Other Legal Vocabulary
1.2.2.Discovering Meaning and Dictionary Use
1.2.3.Examining Legal Vocabulary in Context
1.2.4.Vocabulary in Context: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1.2.5.Create Your Personal Terminology System
1.3.Introduction to English Legal Texts
1.3.1.Key to Task 3 Global Reading
-Identifying Legal Texts
1.3.2.Commentary on the Selection of 10 Text Types
1.4.English Legal Texts in Different Legal Contexts
1.4.1.Summary of Contexts and Text Types
1.4.2.Textbooks, Case Books and Law Reviews
1.4.3.Reflections for You as a Language User: 'Legal Englishes'?
Contents note continued: 1.4.4.Reflections for You as a Language User: Text Types
1.5.Features of English Legal Texts and Language
-Advanced
1.5.1.Text Types across Different Legal Orders
1.5.2.The Function of Legal Texts: Producing Legal Effects
1.5.3.Not Just Documents: the Role of Language in Law
1.5.4.Written and Oral Language in the Law
1.6.Reflections on Legal Language
ch. 2 Legal Grammar
- Text Layout and Use of Formal Terminology
2.1.Historical Background
2.2.Textual-mapping Devices
2.3.Capitalisation
2.3.1.Initial Capitalisation
2.3.2.Emphasis within the Clause
2.3.3.Job Titles and Institutions
2.3.4.Specific Words
2.4.Punctuation
2.5.Lexical Variation
2.5.1.Archaic Words and Phrases
2.5.2.Law French and Law Latin
2.5.3.Variation in Pronunciation
2.6.All-inclusiveness
2.6.1.Frequent Repetition of Lexical Items, Expressions and Syntactic Structures
Contents note continued: 2.6.2.Doubling or Tripling Words and Synonym Strings
2.6.3.Compound Subjects/​Objects/​Adjectives/​Verbs
Consolidation Part I Language Focus Tasks
pt. II The Language of a Legal System and the British Constitution
ch. 3 Language and Law
Sources of Law and the Constitution of the UK
3.1.Introduction to the Sources of Law
3.1.1.Introduction
3.1.2.Terminology Focus: Laws and Legislation, Courts and Cases
3.1.3.Translating Legal Terminology
3.1.4.Legislation and Judicial Precedent
SECTION ONE
3.2.Introduction to the British Constitutional Monarchy
3.2.1.Legislation and the Legislature: the Queen in Parliament
3.2.2.The Prime Minister
3.2.3.The House of Commons
3.2.4.Constitutional Monarchy
3.3.Consulting Legislation: UK Constitutional Reform
3.3.1.The Scotland Act 1998
-Devolution
3.4.Parliament: the House of Lords and the House of Commons
3.4.1.The House of Lords and the House of Commons
Contents note continued: 3.4.2.Case Study: A Controversial Law
-the Hunting Ban
SECTION TWO
3.5.Law, the Legislature and the Courts
3.5.1.The Relative Roles of Legislation and Judicial Precedent
3.5.2.The Different Roles of the Legislature and the Courts
3.5.3.Parliament's Role as Legislator: Examples in Criminal Law and Contract Law
3.6.Constitutional Legislation and EU Law in the National System
3.6.1.Legislation as a Source of Constitutional Law
3.6.2.Parliamentary Sovereignty and the Supremacy of EU Law
ch. 4 Legal Grammar
Punctuation
4.1.The Apostrophe
4.1.1.Contractions
4.1.2.Singular Possessive
4.1.3.Plural Possessive
4.2.The Comma
4.2.1.Commas in Salutations, Closures and Dates
4.2.2.Commas Separating Items in a Series
4.2.3.Commas Join Independent Clauses
4.2.4.Introductory Words or Phrases are Followed by a Comma
4.2.5.Commas to Indicate Parenthetical Statements
Contents note continued: 4.2.6.Non-restrictive and Restrictive Elements
4.2.7.A Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause) and the Main Clause
4.2.8.Commas Separate Two or More Coordinate Adjectives
4.2.9.Commas to Contrast
4.2.10.Use of the Comma in Quotations
4.3.The Semicolon
4.3.1.A Semicolon for Items in a Series
4.3.2.Semicolons and Independent Clauses
4.4.The Colon
4.4.1.Introduces a List of Items, a Summary or Further Elaboration, or for Emphasis
4.4.2.The Colon Introduces a Long Quotation
4.5.Parentheses (AmE) Brackets (BrE)
4.6.The Dash
4.7.The Hyphen
4.8.Square Brackets
4.9.Ellipses
Consolidation Part II Language Focus Tasks
pt. III International Treaties, Human Rights and European Integration
ch. 5 Language and Law
Treaties and Human Rights in the European Dimension
5.1.Introduction to European Integration
5.1.1.Introduction
5.1.2.Terminology Focus
-Legal Abbreviations
Contents note continued: 5.2.Language Choices in International Legal Contexts
5.2.1.Treaty Law
5.2.2.The Council of Europe
5.2.3.The United Nations
5.2.4.The European Union and Multilingualism
5.2.5.Parallel Legal Texts as a Language Resource
-the Treaty of Rome
5.3.Consulting Treaty Law: The European Union
5.3.1.The Treaty on European Union
5.3.2.Citizenship of the European Union
5.4.The European Convention on Human Rights
5.4.1.The Language of Human Rights and the ECHR
5.4.2.The UK and the Convention before the Human Rights Act 1998
5.4.3.The Human Rights Act 1998
5.4.4.Consulting Legislation: the Human Rights Act 1998
5.4.5.Constitutional Questions Raised by the Human Rights Act 1998
5.5.Freedom of Religion: Advanced Case Study
5.5.1.Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion: Article 9 ECHR
5.5.2.Freedom to Manifest Religion: the Denbigh High School Case
ch. 6 Legal Grammar
Basic Sentence Structure
Contents note continued: 6.1.Subject and Predicate
6.2.Grammar Review: The Independent Clause: Subject + Verb
6.2.1.Verb Phrases in Independent Clauses
6.3.Position of Subject
6.3.1.Subject Omission
6.4.Dependent Clauses and Phrases
6.4.1.Dependent Clause
6.4.2.Phrase
6.5.Front Structures in Sentences
6.6.Structures to Modify the Subject: Noun Phrases
6.7.Structures Inserted After the Subject
6.7.1.Noun Phrase (Appositive)
6.7.2.Non-finite -ed Participle and Non-finite -ing Form
6.7.3.Dependent Clauses
6.7.4.Restrictive Clauses and Non-restrictive Clauses
6.8.Expanding the Predicate: Adding a Verb
6.9.Expanding the Object
6.10.Structures Inserted at the End
Consolidation Part III Language Focus Tasks
pt. IV Concepts and Language of Criminal Law
ch. 7 Language and Law - Common Law Perspectives of Crime and Punishment
7.1.Introduction to Criminal Law
7.1.1.Introduction
Contents note continued: 7.1.2.Terminology Focus
The Terminology of Criminal and Civil Law
7.2.Criminal Prosecution
7.2.1.The Crown Prosecution Service
7.2.2.Nelson Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom
7.3.Criminal Trial and Conviction
7.3.1.The Adversarial Trial
7.3.2.A Criminal Conviction
Case Study: R V Hayter
7.4.The Elements of a Crime: Actus Reus and Mens Rea
7.4.1.Latin Maxims
7.5.Homicide
7.5.1.Introducing Key Terms and Concepts
7.5.2.Homicide: Murder and Manslaughter
7.5.3.US Law Compared
7.6.Defences to Murder: Crime and Punishment
7.6.1.Partial Defences
7.6.2.Self-defence: a Full Defence
7.6.3.The Degree of Force in Self-defence: a Proposal for Law Reform
7.6.4.Murder: Crime and Punishment
ch. 8 Legal Grammar
Verb Forms
8.1.Overview of Verb Tenses
8.2.Quick Grammar Review
8.3.Pronouns
8.3.1.Referential Pronouns
Contents note continued: 8.3.2.Referential Pronouns as Subjects
8.3.3.Relative Pronouns as Subject of Clause
8.4.Present Simple
8.4.1.The Legal Authority as the Subject
8.4.2.Present Simple in Subordinate Clauses
8.4.3.Present Simple in that-Clauses
8.5.Modality
8.6.Present Perfect
8.7.The Passive
Consolidation Part IV Language Focus Tasks
pt. V Understanding the Common Law System through Civil Law and Language
ch. 9 Language and Law
Judicial Precedent and the Law of Torts
9.1.Introduction to Civil Law
9.1.1.Introduction
9.1.2.Terminology Focus: Civil and Criminal Proceedings
9.2.Language and Concepts of the Law of Torts
9.2.1.The Law of Tort or the Law of Torts?
9.2.2.Tort, Contract and the Protection of Interests
9.2.3.Functions and Remedies in the Law of Torts
9.2.4.Actions in Tort: Trespass and Negligence
9.2.5.Tort Law and Convention Rights
9.2.6.Focus on Remedies: Damages and Injunctions
Contents note continued: SECTION TWO
9.3.Common Law Method I: Binding Precedent and the Hierarchy of the Courts
9.3.1.The Law Reports and Judicial Precedent
9.3.2.Stare Decisis; the Doctrine of Binding Precedent
9.3.3.Following Precedent: the Ratio Decidendi and the Hierarchy of the English Courts
9.3.4.Precedent from the American Perspective
9.4.Understanding Case Law: Reading a Civil Judgment
9.4.1.The Key Elements of a Case
9.4.2.Framework for Reading an English Judgment: the Case Log Approach
9.4.3.Reading an English Civil Judgment Miller V Jackson
9.4.4.References in Judgments: the Proceedings and the Parties
SECTION THREE
9.5.A Leading Case in the Tort of Negligence: Donoghue V Stevenson
Advanced
9.5.1.Reading an English Civil Judgment: Donoghue V Stevenson
9.6.Common Law Method II: the Ratio Decidendi and the Development of Principles in the Common Law
9.6.1.The Rules of Precedent
Contents note continued: 9.6.2.Interpreting the Judgment as Law: the Ratio Decidendi
9.6.3.The Ratio of Donoghue V Stevenson
9.6.4.The Influence of Donoghue in the Development of Tort Law
9.6.5.English Judicial Reasoning: Developing Common Law Principles
ch. 10 Legal Grammar
Word Formation
10.1.Root Words and Roots
10.2.Affixes: Prefixes and Suffixes
10.2.1.Prefixes
10.2.2.Suffixes
10.2.3.Word Charts
10.3.Word Groups
10.3.1.Grouping Word(s) into Categories Based on a Shared Association
10.4.Word Maps
10.5.Collocation
Consolidation Part V Language Focus Tasks
pt. VI A Contextual Approach to Contract Law and Commercial Agreements
ch. 11 Language and Law
Contract and Commercial Agreements
11.1.Introduction to Contract
11.1.1.Introduction
11.1.2.Terminology in Context: Case Study
-a Celebrity Wedding
11.2.Introduction to the Language of Contract Law
Contents note continued: 11.2.1.A Definition of Contract
-Contract and Agreement
11.2.2.The Terms of the Contract
11.2.3.The Parties to the Contract
11.2.4.Discharge of Contract
11.2.5.An International Dispute in Contract Law: Apple V Apple
11.3.Formation of Contract and Key Elements
11.3.1.Form and Formalities
11.3.2.Intention
11.3.3.Agreement
11.3.4.Consideration
11.3.5.The Elements of a Contract: Reading Selection and Analysis
11.4.Commercial Agreements
11.4.1.The Structure of a Typical Commercial Agreement
11.4.2.Clauses and Subclauses: Organisation and Interrelation
11.4.3.Examining a Commercial Agreement: Content, Language and Effects
ch. 12 Legal Grammar
Adverbial Clauses and Nominal Structures
12.1.Adverbial Forms, Meaning and Position
12.2.Adverbs and Adverb Phrases
12.2.1.Prepositional Phrases
12.2.2.Noun Phrases
12.3.Adverbial Clauses
Contents note continued: 12.3.1.Coordination with and/​or
12.3.2.Adverbial Clauses and Semantic Categories
12.3.3.Grammar Review
Types of Meaning Expressed by Contingency Adverbials
12.4.Nominal Structures
Consolidation Part VI Language Focus Tasks.