TY  - BOOK
AU  - Langer,Howard
TI  - Competition law of the United States
SN  - 9789041153036
U1  - 343.730721 
PY  - 2014///
CY  - New York
PB  - Wolters Kluwer law & Business
KW  - Competition
KW  - United States
KW  - Antitrust law
N1  - "This book was originally published as a monograph in the International encyclopaedia of laws/Competition law."; Includes bibliographical references (page 189) and index; 
        Machine generated contents note: 1.Historical Background Of American Antitrust Law
        2.The American Legal System
        ch. 1 Sources Of American Antitrust Law
        1.National Sources
        I.Federal Antitrust Laws
        II.State Antitrust Laws
        2.International Sources
        3.Secondary Sources
        I.Regulations And Guidelines
        4.Sources' Relation And Hierarchy
        5.Role And Authority Of Precedents
        ch. 2 Scope Of Application
        1.Territorial Reach
        2.Special Sectors
        3.State-Owned Enterprises And Public Utilities
        4.Sensible Effect And De Minimis Effects
        ch. 3 Overview Of Substantive Provisions
        1.Restrictive Agreements
        2.Monopolies [Dominant Undertakings]
        3.Mergers [Concentrations]
        4.Other Prohibitions
        5.Tests Of Illegality
        I.Per Se Prohibitions And Naked Restraints
        II.Balancing Tests
        III.Merger Tests
        ch. 4 Overview Of Main Notions
        1.Undertaking
        2.Relevant Market
        3.Market Power/​dominant Position
        4.Agreements And Concerted Practices
        Contents note continued: 5.Restrictions On Competition
        6.Monopolization And Abuse Of Dominance
        7.Mergers [Concentrations]
        8.Joint Ventures
        ch. 5 Consequences Of Violations And Enforcement Institutions
        1.Administrative Enforcement
        I.The Antitrust Authorities
        A.The Antitrust Division
        B.The FTC
        1.Formation, Composition
        2.Investigating Powers
        3.Adjudicating Powers (Ascertaining And Sanctioning)
        4.Other Institutional Tasks
        II.Government Direct Enforcement Activities
        III.Other Administrative Agencies Applying Antitrust Rules
        IV.Administrative Fines
        V.Administrative Injunctions And Other Restrictive Orders
        VI.Preliminary Injunctions [Interim Measures]
        2.Civil Enforcement
        I.Competent Civil Courts
        A.Antitrust Injury
        B.Antitrust Standing
        C.The Direct Purchaser Rule
        D.Limitations Of Actions
        II.Sanctions
        A.Nullity
        B.Damages
        C.Class Actions
        D.Interim Measures
        3.Criminal Enforcement
        Contents note continued: I.Criminal Sanctions For Antitrust Enforcement
        II.Other Application Of Criminal Law To Relevant Conduct
        III.Role Of Prosecutors
        A.The Prosecutor's Role In The Most Common Cases
        B.The Leniency Program
        IV.Competent Criminal Courts
        ch. 1 Restrictive Agreements
        1.Horizontal Agreements
        I.Cartels
        A.Price-Fixing
        1.Exceptions From Per Se Treatment
        2.The Rule Of Reason And Quick Look Tests
        3.Characterization: Is It Price-Fixing?
        B.Market/​client Allocation
        C.Production/​innovation Limitation
        D.Group Boycott
        E.Collusion On Other Objects
        II.Information Exchange Practices
        III.Cooperation Agreements
        A.Research And Development
        B.Specialization
        C.Standardization
        D.Joint Production
        E.Joint Purchasing
        F.Joint Selling
        2.Vertical Agreements
        I.Distribution
        A.Exclusive Distributorship
        B.Exclusive Dealing
        C.Selective Distribution
        D.Franchising
        II.Technology Licensing
        Contents note continued: A.Patent Licensing
        B.Trademark Licensing
        C.Knows How And Trade Secret Licensing
        ch. 2 Monopolization [Dominant Undertakings' Prohibited Practices]
        1.Exploitive Practices
        I.Excessive/​unfair Pricing
        II.Price Discrimination
        2.Exclusionary Practices
        I.Predation
        A.Predatory Pricing
        B.Other Forms Of Predation
        II.Tying
        III.Rebates And Bundling
        IV.Refusal To Deal
        V.Price Squeeze
        ch. 3 Mergers [Concentrations]
        1.Horizontal Mergers
        I.History
        II.Current Enforcement
        2.Vertical Mergers
        3.Market/​product Extension Mergers
        4.Pure Conglomerate Mergers
        5.Joint Ventures
        ch. 1 Administrative Investigations Before The Antitrust Authority
        1.Initiative
        I.General Sectors Inquiries
        II.Ex Officio Investigations
        III.Complaints
        2.Powers
        I.Requests For Information
        II.Investigation And Search Powers
        III.Cooperation With Other State Institutions
        3.Right Of Defense
        Contents note continued: I.Content And Notification Of Opening Decisions
        II.The Proceedings: Hearings, Access To File, Briefs
        III.Statement Of Objections
        IV.Final Hearing And Decision
        ch. 2 Voluntary Notifications And Clearance Decisions
        ch. 3 Merger Control
        1.Preliminary Filing Obligations
        I.Criteria And Thresholds
        II.Turnover Calculation
        III.Market Share Calculation
        IV.Other Relevant Notions
        2.Structure Of Proceedings
        I.Preliminary Assessment And Full Investigation
        II.Time Framework
        III.Right Of Defense
        3.Clearance And Conditional Clearance
        I.Conditions And Undertakings
        A.Content
        B.Timing
        4.Relations With Other Merger Control Authorities
        I.Other Authorities Within The Local Jurisdiction
        A.Federal Agencies
        B.State Agencies
        II.International Coordination
        ch. 4 Challenging Of The Administrative Decision
        1.Competent Courts
        2.Time Limits
        3.Judicial Scope Of Review.


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